Phase rotation, or mismatch of voltage and amperage measurement, is a problem that occurs when the source of the voltage connections on the meter is different from the source of the amperage connections. 
Example, voltage measurement order is Red | White | Blue 
and amperage (CT) measurement order is White | Red | Blue 

1. Symptoms: 

1. Unbalanced power factor between phases: 
   Ideally you would want the power factor between the 3 phases to be relatively close to each other. 
   Example   pfa 0.9125 | pfb 0.9298 | pfc 0.9098 - This would be normal.
   As per the image below, when a large difference on one or two of the phases exists, it is worth testing. 
2. All phases show very low power factor: 
   Where you have a 3 phase mismatch, it could be possible to see very low readings on all three phases. 
   Example   pfa 0.3165 | pfb 0.3087 | pfc 0.3258 
   This would necessitate on-site testing to find the problem. 
3. "Jumping" polarity: 
   In some cases, phase rotation could cause polarity on one or more phases to jump between positive and negative readings. Assuming that the "Polarity Issues" have been checked, this could indicate a phase rotation and needs to be tested on-site. 
   When trying to correct an incorrect polarity where a phase rotation exists, polarity will jump around, not corresponding to the changes being made on site. 
   

2. Testing & Correction of the issue: 
   An on site, qualified technician is required on site in order to perform the following test.

1. Trace the red phase, CT secondary wires, from the red phase CTterminals on the meter, to the actual Cable/busbar that the CT is connected to. 

1. Confirm that the CT is visually correct on the red phase
2. Place one end of the multimeter on the red phase primary cable terminal/busbar. 

2. Place the other end of the multimeter on the red phase voltage terminal of the meter. 

1. Ask the technician what the voltage reading is. 
2. If 0v, then the source of the 2 points are the same. 

1. The same test needs to be done on the white and blue phases. 

1. If all 3 measure 0v, then there is no phase rotation. 

3. If 400v, then the source of the voltage and CT is not the same.

1. Now this same test needs to be done on the white and blue phases. 
2. Depending on if this is a 2 or 3 wire rotation/mismatch, the technician on site should use this testing method to find common sourced phases. 
3. The voltage connections on the meter should then be changed until the test can be completed, measuring 0v on all three phases. 

1. Note: 

1. These symptoms and testing methods only apply to low voltage (230/400v) installations. 
2. MV installations need to be tested on site if phase rotation is suspected. 

1. This would be indicated by a very low total PF when looking at the demand/power chart. 

4. Testing of MV installations are much more difficult, since the MV side in generally not accessible from the metering room. This means that a shutdown would be needed in order to allow for the electrician to trace wires. 

3. These instructions should be given very clearly as it is very common for technicians to do what they think is correct, instead of following instructions.